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4min

Central Obesity Risk

Data Type

Health Risk

Scans Required

BodyScan

Source

Heo, M., Faith, M. S., Pietrobelli, A., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2012). Percentage of body fat cutoffs by sex, age, and race-ethnicity in the US adult population from NHANES 1999–2004. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 95(3), 594-602. 

International Diabetes Federation. Alberti, G., Zimmet, P. Z., Shaw, J., & Grundy, S. M. (2006). The IDF consensus worldwide definition of metabolic syndrome.

Validation

Predictors of Waist Circumference have been Externally Validated(Prof Timothy R Ackland). Validated against ISAK

Predictors – Risk Category

Ethnicity, gender, waist circumference

Risk Category

Low, Medium, High

Strengths/Weaknesses

Defining central obesity with a simple sex-specific waist circumference threshold provides a simple diagnostic and clinical tool to define those who are potentially at greater risk of medical comorbidities, detect them early and facilitate intervention. Universal cutoffs, covering all ethnicities, are not currently available due to limited research. There are inherent challenges related to the determination of health outcomes, including sex differences; age‐related changes in body composition and conformation; and group, population, and geographical differences.



These confounders need to be evaluated more carefully before consensus cutoffs can be reported.



About

Central obesity is defined by the International Diabetes Federation as an increased waist circumference using the guidelines in the table below which are gender and ethnic group (not the country of residence) specific. 

Central obesity is independently associated with components of metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance, and as such is a prerequisite risk factor for diagnosing metabolic syndrome. Central obesity is also extensively associated with increased visceral fat. 

The consensus group acknowledges that these are pragmatic cut-points taken from various different data sources and that better data will be needed to link these to risk.

Ethnic group

Sex

Waist Circumference

Expert Consensus

Definition

Europids

Male

≥ 94cm < 102 cm

International Diabetes Federation and the World Health Organisation

Central Obesity Increased risk of metabolic complications

Male

≥ 102 cm

World Health Organisation

Substantially increased risk of metabolic complications

Female

≥ 80cm < 88cm

International Diabetes Federation and World Health Organisation

Increased risk of metabolic complications

Female

≥ 88cm

World Health Organisation

Substantially increased risk of metabolic complications

South Asians  Chinese Japanese

Male

≥ 90cm

International Diabetes Federation

Central Obesity

Female

≥ 80cm

International Diabetes Federation

Central Obesity

Ethnic South and Central Americans

Use European data

Use European data

International Diabetes Federation

Sub-Saharan Africans

Use European data

Use European data

International Diabetes Federation

Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East  (Arab) populations

Use European data

Use European data

International Diabetes Federation



Updated 03 Sep 2021
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