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DATA OUTPUTS
Outputs

Central Obesity Risk

5min

Data Type

Health Risk

Scans Required

BodyScan

Source

Heo, M., Faith, M. S., Pietrobelli, A., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2012). Percentage of body fat cutoffs by sex, age, and race-ethnicity in the US adult population from NHANES 1999–2004. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 95(3), 594-602. 

International Diabetes Federation. Alberti, G., Zimmet, P. Z., Shaw, J., & Grundy, S. M. (2006). The IDF consensus worldwide definition of metabolic syndrome.

Validation

Predictors of Waist Circumference have been Externally Validated(Prof Timothy R Ackland). Validated against ISAK

Predictors – Risk Category

Ethnicity, gender, waist circumference

Risk Category

Low, Medium, High

Strengths/Weaknesses

Defining central obesity with a simple sex-specific waist circumference threshold provides a simple diagnostic and clinical tool to define those who are potentially at greater risk of medical comorbidities, detect them early and facilitate intervention. Universal cutoffs, covering all ethnicities, are not currently available due to limited research. There are inherent challenges related to the determination of health outcomes, including sex differences; age‐related changes in body composition and conformation; and group, population, and geographical differences.



These confounders need to be evaluated more carefully before consensus cutoffs can be reported.



About

Central obesity is defined by the International Diabetes Federation as an increased waist circumference using the guidelines in the table below which are gender and ethnic group (not the country of residence) specific. 

Central obesity is independently associated with components of metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance, and as such is a prerequisite risk factor for diagnosing metabolic syndrome. Central obesity is also extensively associated with increased visceral fat. 

The consensus group acknowledges that these are pragmatic cut-points taken from various different data sources and that better data will be needed to link these to risk.



Risks by Ethnic Group

Europids, Ethnic South and Central Americans, Sub-Saharan Africans, Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (Arab) Populations

Sex

Waist Circumference

Category

Male

≤ 93cm

Low



≥ 94cm < 102 cm

Medium



≥ 102 cm

High

Female

≤ 79cm

Low



≥ 80cm < 88cm

Medium



≥ 88cm

High

South Asians, Chinese, Japanese

Sex

Waist Circumference

Category

Male

≤ 89cm

Low



≥ 90cm

High

Female

≤ 79cm

Low



≥ 80cm

High



Updated 23 Mar 2023
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Risks by Ethnic Group
Europids, Ethnic South and Central Americans, Sub-Saharan Africans, Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (Arab) Populations
South Asians, Chinese, Japanese
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